Partikel Penanda Subyek 이/가
kata benda berakhiran konsonan : 이
kata benda berakhiran vokal : 가
contoh :
펜 + 이
의사 + 가
Fungsi =
1. Informasi terbaru
오늘이 무슨 요일이에요? [oneu-li museun yoi-liyeyo]
What day is it today?
2. Pernyataan spesifik
치타가 느리다. [chitaga neu-lida]
(That) cheetah is slow.
3. Fokus pada Subyek
fokus pada pelaku kegiatan
미나가 책을 읽어요. [minaga chae-geul ilgeoyo]
Mina reads book.
Topic Marker 은/는
Kata benda berakhiran konsonan : 은
Kata benda berakhiran vokal : 는
Fungsi :
1. Mengenalkan kata benda
Contoh :
- 저는 학생 입니다 (aku adalah seorang murid)
- 저는 이수진이에요 (aku adalah Lee Soo Jin)
- 선생님은 48살이에요 (guruku berumur 48 tahun)
2. Membandingkan kata benda
Contoh :
- 저는 커피를 좋아해요. 그런데 민수 씨는 커피를 안 좋아해요.
(aku suka kopi. Tapi Minsu tidak suka kopi)
- 미나 씨는 고등학생이에요. 그런데 마크 씨는 초등학생이에요.
(Mina adalah seorang murid SMA. Tapi Mark adalah seorang murid SD)
3. Menjawab pertanyaan
Contoh :
- 이른이 뭐예요? (Namamu siapa?)
제 이름은 이지은예요 (namaku Lee Ji Eun)
Note :
Hanya dapat menggunakan satu partikel dalam satu kata benda.
Source : funkorea4u.com
Bagaimana mengungangkapkan keinginan dan ketidak inginanmu dalam bahasa korea?
ada dua macam :
1. keinginan melakukan sesuatu
Rumus :
a.verb + 고 싶어요 (want)
b. verb + 싶지안습니다 (not want)
contoh : I want to eat ---> to eat : 먹다
나는 먹고 싶어요
To be
|
Want / not want
|
I want to.. / I don’t want to ...
|
mean
|
먹다 (eat)
|
고 싶지안습니다
|
먹고 싶지안습니다
|
I don’t want to eat
|
자다 (sleep)
|
고 싶어요
|
자고 싶어요
|
I want to sleep
|
앉다 (sit)
|
고 싶지안습니다
|
앉고 싶지안습니다
|
I don’t want to sit
|
만나다 (meet)
|
고 싶어요
|
만나고 싶어요
|
I want to meet
|
2. keinginan dengan suatu barang atau benda
rumus :
a. noun + 을/를 + 원합니다 (want)
b. noun + 을/를 + 원하지 않습니다 (not want)
Noun
|
을/를
|
Want / not want
|
mean
|
사랑 (love)
|
를
|
원합니다
|
I want love
|
돈 (money)
|
을
|
원하지 않습니다
|
I don’t want money
|
커피 (coffee)
|
를
|
원하지 않습니다
|
I don’t want coffee
|
책 (book)
|
을
|
원합니다
|
I want book
|
피자 (pizza)
|
를
|
원하지 않습니다
|
I don't want pizza
|
note :
cara penggunaan partikel 을/를 ada di penjelasan selanjutnya.
Source : korean made simple, chapter 4.
Complete the sentence using to, at, or from
1. Linda work ..... the post office.
2. Can you come ..... our party?
3. We arrived ..... .the station half an hour later.
4. I often return .... my old hometown.
5. They were tired when they arrived so they caught a taxi ..... the airport .... the hotel.
6. Kathy brought her daughter ...... work with her yesterday.
7. We landed ... athens airport at 5 o’clock in the morning.
8. ‘How did you get there?’ ‘I caught the train and walked .... the station’.
9. I landed ..... istanbul airport and caught the train ..... istanbul .... ankara.
10. He travelled all night ..... paris and arrived ..... the office here in Londonat 6.30 in the morning.
Secara garis besar ada beberapa arti even, diantaranya yaitu:
1. Genap (noun)
|
Two is an even number.
(Dua adalah nomor genap)
|
2. Rata (adj)
|
It’s an even road.
(Jalan ini rata.)
Clear out those rocks. The surface must be even.
(bersihkan batu itu. Permukaannya harus rata.
|
3. Sejajar (adj)
|
The picture is even with the window.
(Gambarnya sejajar dengan Jendela.)
|
4. Tepat / sesuai (adj)
|
It was even as he said: the car was gone.
(Ini sesuai dengan apa yang ia katakan: mobilnya hilang.)
|
5. Seri (adj)
|
The score of the match was even.
(Skor pertandingan tersebut seri.)
|
6. Bahkan (adv)
|
Susan lost everything. She even lost her own beloved ring!
(Susan kehilangan semuanya, Dia bahkan kehilangan cincin kesayangannya!)
|
7. Sama sekali (adv)
|
I don’t even know where he is.
(Aku sama sekali tidak tahu dimana dia).
|
8. Datar (adj)
|
despite she fear, she spoke in an even voice.
(walau dia ketakutan, dia berbicara dengan nada datar)
|
Susunan kalimat korea
1. SUBJECT + NOUN
|
나는 학생입니다
|
2. SUBJECT + VERB
|
저는 공부해요
|
3. SUBJECT + OBJECT + VERB
|
미도씨는 운도을 좋아해요
|
4. SUBJECT + ADJECTIVE
|
너는 귀여워요
|
5. SUBJECT + TIME + VERB
|
민수씨는 지금 바빠요
|
6. SUBJECT + PLACE + VERB
|
미나씨는 집에 가요
|
7. SUBJECT + PLACE + OBJECT + VERB
|
에릭이 도서관에서 책을 읽어
|
Note :
Subyek, obyek, topic, dan tempat menggunakan partikel.
Struktur kalimat dalam bahasa korea juga sangat fleksibel, letaknya dapat berubah-ubah, seperti contoh :
Minsu gave Mina a present
1. Minsu + Mina (to) + Object + Verb
|
민수가 미나에게 선무를 주웠어요
|
2. (to) Mina + Minsu + Object + Verb
|
미나에게 민수가 선무를 주웠어요
|
3. Object + Minsu + Mina (to) + Verb
|
선무를 민수가 미나에게 주웠어요
|
Note :
1. Verb selalu berada dibelakang.
2. Partikel tidak wajib digunakan (hanya keadaan formal). namun menjadi wajib jika susunannya berubah seperti diatas (partikel mengikuti kata).
3. Kalimat utuh dapat dibuat walaupun tidak menyebutkan subyeknya, (jika dirasa pelakunya sudah jelas, “aku, kamu”). contoh : 어제 김밥 먹어요.
Source : korean : a comprehensive grammar, 3-5.
: Korean grammar in use, 15.
: Korean grammar in use, 15.
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